Because of a lapse in government funding, the information on this website may not be up to date, transactions submitted via the website may not be processed, and the agency may not be able to respond to inquiries until appropriations are enacted. The NIH Clinical Center (the research hospital of NIH) is open. For more details about its operating status, please visit cc.nih.gov. Updates regarding government operating status and resumption of normal operations can be found at OPM.gov.

Lexical Tools

Generate Antonyms

  • Short Description: Generate antonyms

  • Full Description:

    This flow retrieves all antonyms of the input from the antonym table in the database.

    The results are sorted in the order of a case sensitive alphabetical, then EUI.

    The detail information (-m option) of the antonym records shows the type, negation, domain and source of antonyms. The format is:
    |FACT|Key (lcNoPunc)|Antonym-1|EUI-1|Antonym-2|EUI 2|Category|Type|Negation|Domain|Source

    where:

    • key (lcNoPunc): the lowercase and no punctuation of Antonym 1, used as key for database SQL query
    • Antonym-1: the first antonym (base form) of the aPair
    • EUI-1: the associated EUI for antonym-1
    • Antonym-2: the second antonym (base form) of the aPair
    • EUI-2: the associated EUI for antonym-2
    • Category: the POS of aPair. Antonyms must have the same POS. Possible values include:
      adjnounverbadvprepmodalauxprondetconj

    • Type: type of antonyms by their meaning in relation to negation, as described bellows:
      ValueNameCriteriaDescriptionExamples
      Bbounded antonymsAnt-1 = not Ant-2 &
      Ant-2 = not Ant-1      		represents two endpoints on a domaindead|alive|adj, false|true|adj, closed|open|adj, with|without|prep, asleep|awake|adj, irregularly|regularly|adv, emergency|nonemergency|noun, exclude|include|verb
      UBunbounded antonymsAnt-1 ≠ not Ant-2 &
      Ant-2 ≠ not Ant-1      		in the sense that extreme values never reach an endpointnarrow|wide|adj, light|dark|adj, low|high|noun, sad|happy|adj, rich|poor|adj, careful|careless|adj, first|last|adv, form|destroy|verb
      AB1asymmetric bounded antonymsAnt-1 = not Ant-2 &
      Ant-2 ≠ not Ant-1,
      where Ant-1 is the negative/endpoint      		Ant-1 is either a negative word and/or endpoint on a scale and Ant-2 is a non-endpoint/negative wordbad|good|adj, asleep|alert|adj, bumpless|bumpy|adj, chilly|warm|adj, colorless|colorful|adj, exactly|approximately|adv, silence|noise|noun, disbelieve|believe|verb
      AB2asymmetric bounded antonymsAnt-2 = not Ant-1 &
      Ant-1 ≠ not Ant-2,
      where Ant-2 is the negative/endpoint      		Ant-2 is either a negative word and/or endpoint on a scale and Ant-1 is a non-endpoint/negative wordgood|bad|adj, alert|asleep|adj, bumpy|bumpless|adj, warm|chilly|adj, colorful|colorless|adj, approximately|exactly|adj, noise|silence|noun, believe|disbelieve|verb

    • Negation: specifies the negation of an aPair
      ValueDescriptionExamples
      N1true/strict negative, ant1 is the negative antonymexclude|include|verb, false|true|adj, lack|plenty|noun, never|always|adv
      N2true/strict negative, ant2 is the negative antonyminclude|exclude|verb, true|false|adj, plenty|lack|noun, always|never|adv
      BN1broadly negative, ant1 is the negative antonymfailure|success|noun, fake|real|adj, rarely|usually|adv, repel|attract|verb
      BN2broadly negative, ant2 is the negative antonymsuccess|failure|noun, real|fake|adj, usually|rarely|adv, attract|repel|verb
      OOtherwiseask|reply|verb, relaxed|upset|adj, slow|quick|adv, student|teacher|noun

    • Domain: specifies the domain that is central to human life and way of living across times and cultures (generic). Domain is used to determine if an aPair is a canonical antonym. Currently, our domain includes:
      • quality
      • existence
      • possibility
      • quantity
      • frequency
      • physical_property
      • location
      • temporal
      • size
      • temperature
    • Source: the source (model) from which the aPair is generated.
      ValueDescription
      LEXLexical records with negative tags
      PDprefix derivations with negations
      SDsuffix derivations with negations
      CCcollocates in a corpus
      SCsemantics in a corpus

    Please refer to antonym design documents for details.

  • Difference: None

  • Features:
    1. Find antonyms of an input term from database.
    2. Sort antonyms by alphabetic order, then EUI.
    3. Apply flow specific options of negation, source and type.


  • Symbol: z

  • Examples: 
    
shell> lvg -f:z -m
love
love|abominate|1024|1|z|1|FACT|love|love|E0038094|abominate|E0006530|verb|UB|O|quality|SN|
love|detest|1024|1|z|1|FACT|love|love|E0038094|detest|E0022128|verb|UB|O|quality|SN|
love|hate|1024|1|z|1|FACT|love|love|E0038094|hate|E0030882|verb|UB|O|quality|CC|
love|hatred|128|1|z|1|FACT|love|love|E0038093|hatred|E0030885|noun|UB|O|quality|SN|

can
can|can't|64|1|z|1|FACT|can|can|E0014877|can't|E0014877|modal|B|N2|possibility|LEX|
can|cannot|64|1|z|1|FACT|can|can|E0014877|cannot|E0014877|modal|B|N2|possibility|LEX|

careless
careless|careful|1|1|z|1|FACT|careless|careless|E0015344|careful|E0015340|adj|UB|O|quality|SD|
careless|cautious|1|1|z|1|FACT|careless|careless|E0015344|cautious|E0015665|adj|UB|O|quality|SN|

happy
happy|sad|1|1|z|1|FACT|happy|happy|E0030812|sad|E0054106|adj|UB|O|quality|CC|
happy|unhappy|1|1|z|1|FACT|happy|happy|E0030812|unhappy|E0063156|adj|AB2|O|quality|PD|

sad
sad|cheerful|1|1|z|1|FACT|sad|sad|E0054106|cheerful|E0016272|adj|UB|O|quality|SN|
sad|glad|1|1|z|1|FACT|sad|sad|E0054106|glad|E0029796|adj|UB|O|quality|SN|
sad|happy|1|1|z|1|FACT|sad|sad|E0054106|happy|E0030812|adj|UB|O|quality|CC|
sad|merry|1|1|z|1|FACT|sad|sad|E0054106|merry|E0039644|adj|UB|O|quality|SN|

accidental
accidental|intentional|1|1|z|1|FACT|accidental|accidental|E0006721|intentional|E0034962|adj|AB2|O|quality|CC|
accidental|nonaccidental|1|1|z|1|FACT|accidental|accidental|E0006721|nonaccidental|E0208392|adj|B|O|quality|PD|

true
true|false|1|1|z|1|FACT|true|true|E0062365|false|E0027238|adj|B|N2|quality|CC|
true|untrue|1|1|z|1|FACT|true|true|E0062365|untrue|E0063406|adj|B|BN2|quality|PD|
    More examples

  • Implementation Logic:
    1. Remove punctuation from the input term.
      • Lowercase characters from input term.
      • Find antonyms of the input term from database by options of negation, source and type.
    2. Assign category and inflection (base) to the LexItem.
    3. Sort antonyms in a case sensitive alphabetic order, then EUI.

  • Source Code: ToAntonyms.java

  • Hierarchy: Object -> Transformation -> ToAntonyms